FLO: 0 [Flo_Zero]: This project involved reimagining menstrual underwear through non-synthetic, skin-sensitive and hormone-safe materials to support wellbeing and accelerate a more sustainable future. Menstrual underwear products often rely on synthetic components linked to environmental harm and potential health risks. Through extensive research, the environmental impact of existing materials and the health concerns related to synthetics such as polyester and PFAS were examined. Lab-based material testing was conducted on TENCEL™ Modal, assessing comfort, absorbency, and thermal properties using the Kawabata Evaluation System, Wick Test, and Thermal Conductivity Test. The findings supported its use as a breathable and skin-compatible base fabric. The final product concept featured a TENCEL™ body, a banana fibre absorbent core, and a compostable PLA barrier – each selected for their biodegradability, functionality, and health-conscious properties. This outcome demonstrates the potential of material innovation and reflective design thinking in creating inclusive, sustainable fashion solutions.

PROJECT GREENTHREAD*: This project proposes a sustainable alternative to wool within Marks & Spencer’s knitwear range by introducing a hemp-based solution. Responding to the company’s 2024 ESG Report – which shows only 29% progress towards its 2030 sustainable wool goal – this project addresses key environmental and ethical issues associated with conventional wool production, such as high greenhouse gas emissions, land and water use, and animal welfare concerns. The proposed innovation recommends a partnership between M&S and SeFF, a Leeds-based manufacturer producing low-impact hemp fibres. SeFF’s materials offer a strong environmental profile while aligning with rising consumer interest in ethical and traceable fashion. Drawing on trend insights from WGSN’s TrendCurve+, the project supports market relevance and forecasting accuracy. GreenThread not only outlines practical next steps for implementing hemp fibre in knitwear but also highlights the broader benefits for M&S -including lower emissions, enhanced brand image, and supply chain improvements. By integrating hemp innovation into its product offering, M&S can strengthen its leadership in sustainable retail, meet stakeholder expectations and push forward meaningful environmental change within the fashion industry.

FASHION AS SECOND SKIN: One of the future directions of sustainable fashion is collaboration with biotech researchers to make all products biodegradable, durable, and non-polluting. This will help brands move away from their fast fashion identities. Clothing could also support physical health through its very composition. Fabrics may be infused with vitamins, minerals, or probiotics that are absorbed through the skin, offering benefits during and after wear.